黄泥河保护区三种鼬科动物冬季生境选择研究

Winter Habitat Selection of Three Species of Mustelidae in Huangnihe Nature Reserve

采用样线法对吉林黄泥河自然保护区3种鼬科动物冬季生境选择进行研究,共设置20条样线,记录了40个利用样方和40个对照样方。在每个样方内测定海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、隐蔽级、郁闭度、灌丛盖度、树胸径、人为干扰距离、林型、裸岩、雪深和倒木共计13类生态因子。运用Bailey's置信区间法分析坡向、坡位、林型、裸岩、倒木等5个名词型变量;利用非参数检验中的2个独立样本Mann-Whitey U检验,分析海拔、坡度、隐蔽级、郁闭度、灌丛盖度、树胸径、人为干扰距离、雪深8个数量型变量;并通过主成分分析法,综合分析了13个因子对3种鼬科动物冬季栖息地选择的影响。结果显示,3种鼬科动物喜欢在阳坡、半阴半阳坡、中坡位的针叶林和针阔混交林中活动,对倒木和裸岩表现出明显选择性;对灌丛盖度的选择差异极显著(P <0. 01),对不同坡度和郁闭度的选择差异显著(P <0. 05);在主成分分析中,前4个主成分中的累积贡献率达到64. 859%,第一主成分贡献率为30. 933%,主要反映利用样方的林型、海拔、雪深和人为干扰距离的影响,第二主成分贡献率为14. 757%,主要反映利用样方的树胸径和隐蔽级影响。3种鼬科动物主要选择食物丰富度高、隐蔽程度高和可以减少能量消耗的地区作为冬季栖息地。

We investigated winter habitat use by Siberian weasel(Mustela sibirica),yellow-throated marten(Martes flavigula)and sable(Martes zibellina)using the line-transect method in Huangnihe Nature Reserve.We sampled 20 transect lines,and investigated 40 experimental sites and 40 control sites in this study.Thirteen ecological factors(elevation,slope gradient,slope direction,slope position,concealment grade,canopy density,shrub coverage,diameter at breast height,distance to human disturbance,forest type,bare rock,snow depth,and fallen log)were recorded at each site.Five variables(slope direction,slope position,forest type,bare rock,and fallen log)were analyzed by Bailey s confidence interval method.Eight variables(elevation,slope gradient,concealment grade,canopy density,shrub coverage,diameter at breast height,distance to human disturbance,and snow depth)were analyzed by Mann-Whitey U test of two independent samples,a non-parametric test.Impacts of the thirteen factors on winter habitat selections of three species of Mustelidae were synthetically analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA).Results showed that these species of Mustelidae used coniferous forests and mixed broadleaf-conifer forest located on sunny slope,half sunny slope,and middle slope position.There was significant selection for fallen log and bare rock,shrub coverage(P<0.01),and slope degree and canopy density(P<0.05).The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 65%.The cumulative contribution rate of the first principal component was 31%,attributable mainly to forest type,elevation,snow depth,and distance to human disturbance.The cumulative contribution rate of the second principal component was 15%,attributable mainly to diameter at breast height and concealment grade.Abundant food,high concealment,and less energy expenditure were key factors in selection of winter habitat by these three mustelid species.