中国绿孔雀濒危现状及其保护

Status and Conservation of the Endangered Green Peafowl( Pavo muticus) in China

绿孔雀曾广布于中国南方多个省份,包括湖南、湖北、四川、广东、广西及云南等省区,现仅分布于云南局部地区,其种群数量不断减少,种群逐渐分散、衰退,根据最新调查结果显示,中国现存野生绿孔雀数量仅剩约235～280只,已被云南省列为极危(CR)物种。绿孔雀数量及分布区急剧缩减的原因主要包括人类的干扰和猎杀、栖息地侵占,破坏和斑块化等因素。科研人员及保护工作者在保护区的建设、绿孔雀人工繁育等方面保护绿孔雀野生种群,扩大人工种群。目前,涉及绿孔雀保护工作的保护区达十余个,已全面覆盖绿孔雀栖息地。本文概述了绿孔雀的形态、生态习性、繁殖行为、亚种分化及地理分布等生物学特征,分析绿孔雀濒危现状及致危因素,整合目前立法保护、就地保护、易地保护等保护措施,为将来的保护及科研工作提出了建议和展望。

Green peafowl(Pavo muticus)once inhabited many provinces in southern China,including Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,Guangdong,Guangxi,and Yunnan.It is now only distributed in parts of Yunnan,and the populations of green peafowl are increasingly dispersed and declining.According to the latest study,the population of wild green peacocks is only about 235-280 in China.The species has been classified as critically endangered(CR)in Yunnan Province.The reasons for the catastrophic decline in the number and distribution of green peafowl include human interference and hunting,habitat encroachment,destruction and habitat fragmentation.Researchers and conservation workers protect the wild population of green peacocks in the construction of reserves and in captive breeding of green peafowl.This results in increased numbers in captive populations.At present,there are more than 10 protected areas for green peafowl,fully covering the remaining green peafowl habitat.We summarized the biological characteristics of green peafowl morphology,ecological habits,reproductive behavior,subspecies differentiation and geographical distribution.We also analyzed the current status and risk factors,and integrated current legislative protection,in-situ conservation,and ex-situ conservation.We provide here suggestions and prospects for conservation and research in future.