欧美发展风险抗辩制度及其启示

European and American Development Risk Defense System and Its Enlightenment

发展风险抗辩又称最高技术水平抗辩,是产品责任法领域兼具保障产品安全和鼓励技术创新双重功能的重要制度,但也是欧美法上争议较多的法律问题。梳理和分析了该制度在美国、欧盟确立发展和司法适用的主要问题,结合我国实际,提出了我国适用发展风险抗辩的具体建议:严格限制发展风险抗辩的适用范围,明确界定发展风险抗辩的适用标准,建立健全专家证人制度,建立完善责任保险和专业救助基金等,以进一步平衡生产者和消费者利益。

The development of risk defense,also known as the highest technical level of defense,is an important system in the field of product liability law that guarantees the dual function of product safety and encourages technological innovation,but it is also a legal issue that is more controversial in European and American law.This paper sorts out and analyzes the main problems of the establishment of the system in the United States and the European Union,and puts forward the specific suggestions for the application of development risk defense in China:strictly restricting the scope of application of development risk defense and clearly defining the development risk defense.Applicable standards,establish and improve the expert witness system,establish and improve liability insurance and professional rescue funds,etc.,to further balance the interests of producers and consumers.