作为先行行为的犯罪行为的认定及其处理思路——以“抢劫致人死亡”为视角

Identification of Criminal Behavior as Prior Act and Its Treatment——From the Perspective of “Robbery Causing Death”

不纯正不作为犯判断中的先行行为认定问题长期困扰着司法实践。先行行为的理论发展,先后经历了形式法律义务理论、功能理论与实质理论三个阶段,完成了从归因到归责、从注重形式到形式与实质并重的理论转向。其内涵也应同时做适当调整,基于犯罪构成理论增加适当限定条件,以限制其成立范围。在犯罪行为与先行行为的关系上,先行行为可以由犯罪行为构成。先行行为犯罪并无结果加重犯的规定情形时,成立数罪或牵连犯。先行行为犯罪存在结果加重犯的规定情形时,则需根据成因的不同,区分结果加重犯和不作为犯两种情形,"抢劫致人死亡"案件需要从主、客观两方面加以认定。

The identification of prior act in the judgment of pseudo crimes of omission plagued judicial practice for a long period of time.The theoretical development of the prior act has undergone three phases of formal legal obligation theory,functional theory and substantive theory,fulfilling the theoretical shift from attribution to imputation and from form-valued practice to emphasis on both form and substance.Its connotation should also be properly adjusted at the same time,increasing the appropriate restricted conditions based on the theory of criminal composition in order to limit its scope of establishment.The prior act could be composed of criminal behavior in the relationship between criminal behavior and prior behavior.When a prior act crime does not include the facts stipulated by aggregated consequential offence,several crimes or implicated crimes are established.If it does,it is necessary to distinguish between the aggravated consequential crime and the inaction crime according to the causes.In the case of“robbery causing death”,it needs to be identified from both the subjective and objective aspects.