马克思的技术社会学话语及其意义

Marx's Technological Sociology Discourse and Its Significance

围绕技术与社会的关系问题构建马克思的技术社会学话语,不同的理论预设会产生不同的话语指向。马克思并不是技术工具论者,也不是技术决定论者,甚至不完全是技术社会建构论者。唯物史观,本身包含了工具化和情境化的辩证分析方法。按这一方法,问题不在于技术是否产生决定性影响,而在于要解释它是怎样发生影响的和发生怎样的影响。具体从资本主义这一特定社会情境,依照资本价值增殖的逻辑,既能对技术的变革作用做出社会建构论解释,又能以异化的概念对技术进行社会批判,然后参照原始共同体模式,向人们承诺,以自然-人性-社会合一为归旨的无阶级的共产主义,代表着人类通过生产方式变革创造美好生活的技术发展价值方向。这种技术社会学话语,带有明确的针对性和建设性,对我们在新技术发展规划、技术社会评估和技术社会问题应对等方面的理性思考和实践探索,大有裨益。

In constructing Marx's discourse of technological sociology around the relationship between technology and society,different theoretical presuppositions will produce different discourse directions.Marx is not a technological instrumentalist,a technological determinist,or even not a social constructivist of technology.Historical materialism itself contains dialectical analysis methods of instrumentalization and situationalization.In this way,the question is not whether technology has a decisive impact,but how it makes effect and what the effect is.Specifically speaking,capitalism is a specific social situation.According to the logic of capital value proliferation,it can not only explain the role of technological change with social constructivism,but also criticize technology in society with the concept of alienation.Then,referring to the model of primitive community,it promises people that classless communism,which aims at the integration of nature,humanity and society,represents the technological development value orientation that human beings create a better life through reforming the mode of production.This discourse of sociology of technology has a clear pertinence and constructiveness.It is also of great benefit to our rational thinking and practical exploration in the planning of new technology development,social assessment of technology and the response to technological and social problems.