职业教育选择性课程改革:基本意蕴、实践困境与推进策略

The Basic connotation,Practical Difficulties and Promotion Strategies of Selective Curriculum Reform in Vocational Education

职业教育选择性课程改革为学生提供多样化的选择权利,满足学生多样化的发展需求,是职业教育课程改革的发展方向。职业教育选择性课程改革要拨开认识误区,其改革的不仅是课程本身,还包括招生制度、教学组织形式、评价方式、教育保障等方面的变革,由此满足职业教育选择性课程改革的多元职业性、开放互动性、跨界合作性和自由民主性。当前,职业教育选择性课程改革难以推进的主要原因在于学生参与选择的自由度不高、选择的选项不够以及学生选择课程的能力不足三个方面。从应对策略来讲,应赋予学生"专业+课程+生涯发展"的多元选择权利、为学生提供"目标+过程+环境"的自主选择空间和培育"责任+心智+方法"的学生核心素养,以打造适应学生的最好的教育。

The elective curriculum reform in vocational education provides students with diversified choice rights and meets the diversified development needs of students,which is the development direction of curriculum reform in vocational education.We must clear up some misunderstandings of selective curriculum reform in vocational education:the reform is not only the curriculum itself,but also includes the enrollment system,teaching organization form,evaluation methods,education support system,thus to meet the need of curriculum reform in vocational education:the diversity of occupation selection,the openness and interaction,the cross-border cooperation,the democracy and freedom.At present,the main reason why the selective curriculum reform of vocational education is difficult to promote lies in three aspects:the lack of freedom for students to choose courses,the lack of choice options and the insufficiency of ability for students to choose courses.Vocational education should endow students with the right of multiple choices of"major+curriculum+career development",provide students with the independent choice space of"goal+process+environment"and cultivate the core competence of"responsibility+mind+method",so as to provide the best education to the students.