法国“精神卫生分区化治疗模式”的发展与启示

The Realization Process and Framework of the “Psychiatric Sector Treatment Mode” in France

基于我国目前社区精神病学的发展需要,文章以欧洲精神病学发展史为背景探讨"法国精神卫生分区化治疗模式"得以实现的历史条件及过程。我们认为精神病学在19世纪中叶以后的新发展,即二战后改革派精神病科医生基于圣-阿尔拜精神病院的成功经验而构建的"组织性精神疗法"为该模式的实现提供了科学技术支撑,同时,年轻的精神病科医生们为推广"组织性精神疗法"而做出的政治宣传、教育培训活动则为该治疗模式的实现获得了有利的社会政治资源。文末,我们对法国目前"精神卫生分区化治疗模式"具体架构及运行情况做了介绍并总结评论其对我国社区精神卫生工作的启示。

In order to provide reference for the development of community psychiatry in China which is still in the initial stage,we studied in this paper the historical conditions and the process for the realization of the“psychiatric sector treatment mode”in France.We considered that the new development of psychiatry after the middle of the 19th century and the“institutional psychotherapy”,which was constructed by psychiatrists after the second world war from the successful experience of Saint-Alban Mental Hospital,provided scientific and technological support for the realization of this service.At the same time,in order to promote the“institutional psychotherapy”and increase its political influence,educational training that they gave to psychiatric nurses,the young psychiatrists have won the resources and support of society for the application of this treatment.At the end of the article,we made a brief presentation and summary about the actual structure and operation of the“psychiatric sector treatment mode”in France.