何种教育理论? 如何联系教育实践?——“教育理论联系教育实践”问题再审思

What Is a True Education Theory? And How Is It Related to Education Practice?: A New Reflection on How Education Theory Is Related to Practice

"教育理论与教育实践相联系"包括"教育理论联系教育实践"与"教育实践联系教育理论"两个方面,首先需要强调的是"教育理论联系教育实践"。鉴于许多人都近乎约定俗成地把关于教育的所有理论统称为教育理论,有必要强调,需要联系教育实践的只是作为实践性理论的真正意义上的"教育理论",而不是并不属于教育理论范畴的"非教育理论"。所有教育理论都需要联系教育实践,不同性质的教育理论("实然性教育理论"与"应然性教育理论")与不同位层的教育理论("高位层"、"中位层"、"低位层"的教育理论)都需要联系教育实践,不能把"教育实践"窄化为仅仅是由教育者与受教育者直接互动所构成的具体活动。联系教育实践需要教育理论工作者具备"实践品质",主要包括改造教育实践的担当、接触教育实践的欲望及感悟教育实践的能力。

The issue of the relationship between education theory and practice consists of two aspects:one is how the theory is related to the practice,and the other is how the practice is related to the theory.Between these two aspects,the former should be taken into serious consideration at first.Since many people almost conventionally take as education theory all the theories concerning education,it is necessary to stress that what needs to be related to education practice is but the true education theory which is practical in nature rather than those various theories concerning education which should have been classified as“non-education theories”.Keeping a close link with education practice is the requirement for any type of true education theory,whether it is a theory of what the practice is like or a theory of what the practice should be like and whether it is a theory or not at the macroscopic,intermediate or basic levels.It should also be noted that the education practice cannot be narrowed down to the concrete direct interactions between the education givers and receivers.In order to produce a practice-related theory,the education theorists have to develop some practical qualities for themselves,including the sense of duty to reform the education practice,the aspiration for getting involved into education practice and the ability to understand education practice.