医患“获得感悖论”及其破局——兼论作为社会心理学议题的医患关系研究

Paradox of Sense of Gain between Doctor and Patient Groups and Its Remedy: The Study of Doctor-Patient Relationship as a Social Psychological Issue

获得感意指人民群众、尤其是底层民众对改革发展带来的物质利益与基本权益的普惠性的一种主观体验,是在国家治理现代化过程中提出的具有高度中国特色的社会心理学概念。获得感悖论意指互动双方虽有主客观资源的投入,但一方的外在给予未能转化为另一方的内在认可、一方的客观付出未能得到另一方的主观承认的社会心理现象。医患获得感悖论存在对医疗服务过程的"低满意"与对医疗技术与医疗机构本身的"高信任"并存,以及医患群体出现受害者竞争,即竞相认为自己比对方遭受了更多、更不公平、更不合理的伤害这两种典型特征。医患获得感悖论实质上是现代性的自反性特征在医患场域的特殊体现,其破局需要在社会治理的全局出发去整体筹划,从而达到整体协同、多元治理的合力。社会心理学应着重从积极社会心态培育的角度为中国社会的情感治理提出建设性的学科智慧,并更为积极地参与到影响相关公共政策的研究与实践中。

Sense of gain is the public subjective feeling of sharing the material interests and enjoying basic rights in the process of comprehensively deepening reform.It is a concept with distinctive Chinese features which derives from the modernization of state governance.The paradox of sense of gain refers to the social psychological state that though different social groups do have put into each other substantial subjective and objective resources in their social interactions,they do not admit that they have been treated fairly and adequately.A good case in point is the doctor-patient relationship,which has two major characteristics:one is the co-existence of low satisfaction with the medical service process and the high trust of modern medicine and medical institutions;the other is the obvious inter-group competitive victimhood between patient and doctor groups.The paradox of sense of gain in doctor-patient relationship is the manifestation of the reflexivity featuring in modernization.The remedy of this paradox lies in the overall planning from the standpoint of social governance to foster collaborative forces of multi-governance.Social psychologists should focus on the cultivation of positive social mentality,put forward practical wisdom,and participate actively in the researches and practices that may influence future public policies.