传统国语的分化与百年汉语的发展

Differentiation of the traditional Chinese language and the development of Chinese in the past 100 years

文章在现代汉语史的框架下,从公文语言、文学作品语言、报刊语言3个角度,考察国、共两党统治区域语言的共时差异,二者在文言与白话、庄典与通俗以及欧化程度方面差异明显,这些都是传统国语分化的重要表现。传统国语分化是百年汉语发展历程中一个非常重要的节点,是后来的普通话的源头,同时也在很大程度上决定了后者的精神与走向。无论着眼于普通话还是立足于现代汉语史,这一时期的一系列语言实践,对百年汉语的发展路径、方向及其研究都有着重要的意义和价值。

From the perspective of the history of modern Chinese,this paper investigates the synchronic differences of the Chinese language in the regions under the control of CPC and GMD respectively in terms of official language,literary language and newspaper language.It concludes that the differences are obvious in the two regions in the aspects of vernacular and classical Chinese,elegant and vulgar Chinese as well as the level of Europeanization.The differentiation of the traditional Chinese language is a key turning point in the development of the Chinese language in the past 100 years,and to a great extent is also the source and the key factor for the development directions of later Putonghua.Whether the study of mandarin or the history of modern Chinese,a series of language practices in this period have much significance and value to the development directions and research of Chinese in the past 100 years.