近似数量系统敏锐度与符号数学能力的关系、训练研究及展望

Relation between approximate number system(ANS)acuity and symbolic math ability,ANS training studies and prospects

近似数量系统是古老并具有进化基础的前人类的数感,它以独立模式与近似形式来表征和辨别数量。近似数量系统敏锐度反映了个体辨别数量时的精确程度,与个体数学成绩之间存在正相关关系。近些年来,很多研究通过近似数量系统敏锐度的训练来提高个体的符号数学成绩,但对训练效果的报告存在过度解释现象。本文阐述了近似数量系统敏锐度与符号数学能力的关系及相关训练研究,并从实验设计和理论偏向两个角度阐述近年来关于近似数量系统敏锐度训练研究存在的不足,指出未来研究应通过完善实验设计,明晰近似数量系统敏锐度与符号数学能力之间的深层关系,借助认知神经科学技术揭示其内在关系机制。

Approximate number system(ANS)is an ancient,evolutionarily grounded pre-human sense of magnitude which represents numerosity(the number of items)in a modality-independent and approximate manner and it enables magnitude discriminations.ANS acuity is mark of individual’s ability of ANS development.And previous studies suggest that there is a significant positive correlation between ANS acuity and uniquely human symbolic math ability and a causal relationship between ANS acuity and math performance.In order to prove the proposal that ANS as a foundation of symbolic representations of number and provide the correct practical implications for interventions aimed at improving math ability,many training studies of ANS acuity aimed to train ANS with the intention of transferring improvements to symbolic math performance,while results are overinterpreted in some papers.Future study should clarify the deep relationship of ANS and math ability by perfecting the experimental design and reveal its intrinsic relationship mechanism by means of cognitive neuroscience.