科学与艺术:民族志书写的当代性

Science and Art:The Contemporaneity of Ethnographic Writing

坚守民族志书写的科学性,是人类学知识论的内在诉求。而倡导民族志书写的艺术性,则是人类学实践观的外在条件。在古典民族志阶段,由于对"科学性"的过于强调,淡化了民族志外部的艺术性特征;而在后现代民族志时期,由于对"艺术性"的过于重视,则削弱了民族志内在的科学性本质。当前西方出现的民族志反思与批判热潮,是对民族志科学性和艺术性现时关系的最大表征。而诸多中国学者在民族志客观性和主观性问题上的各执一词、针锋相对,则是中国学界对于这一问题的正面回应。因此,民族志要走向现代性,必须在这些争论与反思中继续前行,建构起以人类学"公众"为对象、关系主体为核心、实践指向为路径的民族志范式,才能实现民族志求真至善唯美的书写目的。

Adhering to the scientificity of ethnographic writing is the intrinsic appeal of anthropological epistemology,while advocating the artistry of ethnographic writing is the external condition of anthropological practice.In the classical ethnography period,the overemphasis on the scientificity has minimized the extrinsic artistry of ethnography.However,during the post-modern ethnography period,too much emphasis on the artistry has weakened the intrinsic artistry of ethnography.At present,the trend of reflection and criticism of ethnography in the West is the most significant manifestation of the current relationship between the scientificity and artistry of ethnography.The Chinese scholars,represented by Cai Hua and Ma Teng-yue,respond to this question by arguing about the objectivity and subjectivity of ethnography.Therefore,ethnography must continue to advance through these disputes and reflections to push modernity forward.The ethnographic paradigm,which takes the anthropologic public as the object,the relational entity as the core,and the practice orientation as the path,must be constructed so as to realize the writing purpose of the ethnography-perusing truth,goodness and beauty.