新罗初期官制考论——以《三国史记》记载为中心

Textual Research on the Official System in the Early Silla——Centering on the records in Samguk sagi

通过与中国的《梁书》《隋书》对比研究发现,金富轼在《三国史记》中所记载的儒理尼师今九年(32年)的十七官等的官制体系并非为新罗初期的官制实态。新罗初期官职仅有伊伐餐、波珍餐、阿餐、伊尺餐、一吉餐、级伐餐、沙餐、奈麻等八官职,根据《三国史记·新罗本纪》,伊伐餐等八官职出现的时间并不统一,显然并非同时设置,其职掌各不相同,主要承担民政、军政职能。依八官名的擢升顺序,八官职的官等次序依次为伊伐餐、伊尺餐、波珍餐、阿餐、一吉餐、沙餐、级伐餐、奈麻。对比新罗后期的官制体系,新罗初期即辰韩时代的官等与新罗后期的十七官等顺序基本一致,只不过在新罗初期八官等当中又插入其他官等而形成完整的十七官等的官制体系,表明新罗的官制体系承继辰韩国的官制体系,官等有所增加。

Through a comparative analysis with Chinese Book of Liang and Book of Sui,it is found that the seventeen-class official system established in the 9 Years of Yurye of Silla(AD 32)which recorded by Kim Bu-shik in his book called Samguk sagi is not the actual control system in the early days of Silla.The initial officer of Silla was only'Yifacan','Bozhencan','Acan','Yichican','Yijican','Jifacan','Shacan'and'Naima'.According to the Silla Annals of the Samguk sagi,the appearance time of the eight officers such as"Yifacan"is not uniform.These officers are obviously not set at the same time.The duties of these officers are not the same which mainly responsible for civil and military functions.In accordance with the promotion order of these eight-class official system,the order of these officers is'Yifacan','Yichican','Bozhencan','Acan','Yijican','Shacan','Jifacan'and'Naima'.Compared with the official system of the Late Silla,the order of the officers in the early days of Silla which called Jinhan was basically the same as that of the the seventeen-class official system in the late Silla,but only inserted other levels of offecers into the early eight-class of the early days of Silla and eventually formed the integral seventeen-class official system.It shows that the official system of Silla is inherited from the official system Jinhan and just added some official positions.