晚清时期朝鲜移民“犯越”国境与中俄两国的对策

The Illegal “Border Crossing” by Korean Immigrants in Late Qing Dynasty and the Countermeasures of China and Russia

晚清时期朝鲜移民大量"犯越"图们江,移居中、俄境内,主要原因是朝鲜咸镜北道一带连年发生自然灾害和朝鲜李朝势道政治的横行,而朝鲜李朝传统上对咸镜道居民实行的歧视政策也是不可忽视的重要原因之一。中、俄两国对朝鲜移民一改过去的驱逐政策,将他们收容和安置以利于开发东北和远东地区。在这一过程中,中国体现传统的行政管理方式,加深了朝鲜移民的归属感,而沙俄政府对朝鲜移民政策出尔反尔,与清政策不可同日而语。

During late Qing Dynasty,years of natural disasters in North Hamgyeongand-do,arbitrary ruling of powerful royal relatives,long-standing discrimination policy of Yi Dynasty toward dwellers in this area forced a large number of Korean immigrants“to cross border illegally”to Tumen River region.Both China and Russia arranged to help the immigrants settle down rather than drive them away in order to benefit the development of Northeast China and the Far East.China carried out the traditional way of administration,which deepened the immigrants’sense of belonging,whereas policy of Russian government to Korean immigrants was so changeable that it was incomparable with that of China.