学前儿童分享行为的影响因素研究

The Influential Factor on Preschool Children's Sharing Behavior

本研究采用两个实验重点探讨了年龄和分享对象的助人动机对学前儿童分享行为的影响。研究一共选取32名4岁和5岁儿童考察学前儿童分享行为的发展特点。研究二共选取48名4岁儿童,实验前儿童被随机分配到分享对象有帮助动机组和分享对象无帮助动机组,目的是考察分享对象的帮助动机是否会提高儿童的分享行为。上述研究结果表明:(1)儿童的分享行为随着年龄增长而不断提高:5岁儿童的分享水平显著高于4岁儿童;(2)分享对象有帮助动机组儿童的分享水平显著高于分享对象无帮助动机组。相比没有提供帮助者,4岁儿童更愿意和有帮助动机的对象分享。

The research is based on two experimental studies,mainly approaching two influential factors on preschool children’s sharing behavior,including age and the motivation of help of the targets of sharing.In one study,32 children at the age of 4and 5are selected as the research subjects to examine the characteristics of preschool children’s development of sharing behavior.In the other,48 children at the age of 4are chosen and randomly assigned to helping motivation group and nonhelping motivation group to study whether the targets’ motivation to help would promote 4-year-olds’ sharing behavior.The results show that:(1)the likelihood of sharing of the children increased with the development of age;(2)4-year-old children were more likely to share with the agent who intended to help rather than those who did not.