重塑体验:扩展现实(XR)技术及其教育应用展望——兼论“教育与新技术融合”的走向

Rebuliding the Experience: Extended Reality(XR) Technology and Its Education Application Outlook:Also Discuss the Trend of “Education and New Technology Integration”

计算机图形与仿真技术的不断发展为人类带来了众多的沉浸式技术,人类的活动时空从自然平台发展到数字化平台,面临着感觉方式和实践方式的转型。这也深刻影响到社会生产方式的变革,涉及了人们生活方式、行为方式、感知方式和思维方式的转轨。虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)与混合现实(MR)等技术,通过不同程度的数字信息与现实环境的融合,为用户带来了全新的体验模式。与当下的VR、AR、MR相比,扩展现实(XR)更强调于虚拟世界与现实世界的弥合,以及缩小人们、信息和体验之间的距离壁垒。XR技术具有情境感知、感觉代入、自然交互和编辑现实等特征,其在教育领域的应用具有人本性、智能性、交互性、生态性和生成性等教育应用特性。具体表现为:(1)可为学习者提供智能教育产品设计;(2)更有利于游戏化学习的实施;(3)可创设智慧的学习环境;(4)可优化创客教育、设计教育、特殊教育等的实施。XR技术的教育应用体现出的教育与新技术融合的走向,主要表现在:体验为王、智能为基、边缘计算、跨空间的无缝融合、多模态交互和支持全纳教育等方面。XR技术成为了计算机图形与仿真技术、人工智能及物联网技术在教育领域综合应用的重要技术形式,其具有的智慧感知、自然交互属性,可更好地服务和支持未来教育,致力于面向未来的创新人才培养。

The continuous development of computer graphics and simulation technology brought out the prosperity of immersive technology, space and time for human activity have been changed from nature to digital. Mankind is facing with the transformation of sensorial and practical pattern, so do our society. Virtual reality(VR), augmented reality(AR), mixed reality(MR)and other technologies bring new experience modes to users through the integration of digital information and real environment to varying degrees. Compared with current VR, AR and MR, XR lays more emphasis on bridging the virtual world with the real world,making the distance between people, information and experience disappear. XR technology with contextual awareness, sensory substitution, natural interactive features & editing reality, such as the application in the field of education with human nature,intelligence, interactivity, ecological characteristics and generative education application, can provide learners with intelligent education product design, is more advantageous to gamification learning, supporting the intelligent learning environment, can be more conducive to the maker education, the implementation of the design education, special education, etc. The integration of education and new technologies is mainly reflected in the trend of experience as king, intelligence-based, edge computing, seamless integration across space, multimodal interaction and support for inclusive education.XR technology is an important form of comprehensive application of computer graphics and simulation technology, artificial intelligence and Internet of things in the field of education. Its intelligent perception and natural interaction properties will better serve and support future education and serve the cultivation of future innovative talents.