人神合谋与大众狂欢:山西阳泉理家庄村“跑马陵道日”驱瘟仪式考察

Driving Plague Ceremony of "Day of Running on the Maling Road" in Lijiazhuang Village,Yangquan,Shanxi

送瘟神是迄今尚存于华北地区的一种传统驱瘟仪式,其渊源可追溯宋代。山西阳泉地区的"跑马陵道"是一场由各路神灵与民间集体合谋共赢的"驱瘟"活动,具有鲜明的乡土特色和历史文化内涵。这一民俗虽经历数百年岁月洗礼,但其本质内核并未发生改变。总体而言,人与神的集体性、互动性是其主要特点,特定时空内的人神合谋与大众狂欢是其内在动力。集体性的合谋最终带来大众的狂欢,在多重对峙下达到精神升华。"跑马陵道"驱瘟仪式,不仅将神与人的关系进行了重新整合,而且呈现出一个生动、具体的华北民间驱瘟展演过程。

Driving the god of plague is a traditional urging ceremony that still exists in North China,and its origin can be traced to the Song Dynasty.The"Running on the Maling Road”in Yangquan District of Shanxi Province is a driving activity that is a win-win situation between all the gods and folk groups.It has distinct local characteristics and historical and cultural connotations.Although this folk custom has been baptized for hundreds of years,its essence has not changed.In general,the collective and interactive nature of man and God is its main feature.The co-conspiracy and mass revelry in a specific time and space are its internal motivation.The collective collusion eventually brought the masses'carnival and achieved spiritual sublimation under multiple confrontations.The driving ceremony of"Running on the Maling Road”not only re-integrated the relationship between man and God,but also presented a vivid and concrete process of the folk drive in North China.