20世纪二三十年代人造丝对华丝的影响及政府应对

Historical Analysis on the Western Artificial Silk Trading Impact on China's Silk Industry and Chinese Government's Countermeasures during 1920s and 1930s

20世纪二三十年代,世界人造丝业迅速崛起,作为蚕丝替代品的人造丝与蚕丝存在竞争关系。经济危机发生后,人造丝以其价格优势进一步挤压了蚕丝的国际市场是导致华丝输出衰落的原因之一。而随着人造丝在华输入,并成为丝织业原料,华丝的国内市场也受到人造丝的侵蚀。地方政府及实行关税自主的国民政府,试图通过征收人造丝捐税及提高人造丝进口税,以保护蚕丝业,却加重了丝织业的负担,并刺激了人造丝偷运走私的盛行,保护蚕丝的成效不彰。人造丝与华丝的相互关系,及其反映出的中国传统土产在近代西方产业革命催生的人造物料兴起的背景下所面临的复杂生存境况,为揭示近代中国传统经济的转型与变迁提供了一个新的视角。

In 1920s to 1930s,the artificial silk industry was developing rapidly,and its production got a rapid growth.As an alternative to natural silk,there were competition relations between them.During the Great Depression,artificial silk with its price advantage squeezed the natural silk’s international market,which was one of the reasons of China’s silk output declining.With the increasing artificial silk input in China,it became the silk manufacturing materials,and then artificial silk had also eroded the natural silk domestic market.Local government and the national government tried to increase artificial silk taxes in order to protect natural silk industry,but it increased the burden of silk fabrics manufacturing industry,and stimulated smuggling of the artificial silk.Therefore,the purpose of protection to the natural silk industry failed.The relationship between artificial silk and China’s silk reflects the complex living conditions faced by traditional Chinese natural products in the context of the rising of man-made materials generated by the modern Western industrial revolution,providing a new perspective for revealing the transformation of modern Chinese traditional economy.