三门峡虢国墓地出土青铜器的材质与矿料来源分析

Analysis of Material and Mineral Source of Bronze Unearthed from Cemetery of Guo State in Sanmenxia

虢国墓地是一处西周至春秋时期规模宏大、等级齐全、排列有序、保存完整的大型邦国公墓。通过金相显微镜与扫描电镜能谱对虢国墓地出土的47件器物分析发现,金相组织有铸造、铸后受热、铸后(局部)热加工等组织形式,合金类型为铅锡青铜与锡青铜两种。铅同位素比值测定表明都为普通铅,且聚集在较小的范围内,推测不同墓葬的青铜器具有相同的矿料来源。

The Guo State cemetery is a large scale well preserved state cemetery with complete grade and orderly arrangement from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.Fifty bronze samples from the Guo State cemetery were analyzed by metallographic microscope and SEM.The results show that the metallographic structure includes cast,heatness after casting,hot process after casting(local)and so on.The alloy includes lead-tin bronze and tin bronze.Lead isotope ratio measurements indicate common lead concentrated in a small range.It is speculated that the bronzes of different tombs have similar source of minerals.