林农生计资本对林地利用方式的影响研究

Study on the Impact of Forest Farmers' Livelihood Capital on the Way of Forest Land Utilization

基于陕西省500户农户的调查数据,在可持续生计分析框架基础上,构建林农生计资本指标体系,运用多元Logit模型实证分析了林农生计资本对林地利用方式的影响。研究表明:第一,不同类型的林农生计资本结构差异会影响其对林地利用方式的选择;第二,在林农林地利用方式的选择上,各生计资本要素的影响存在显著差异,其中金融资本要素是改善林农生计的关键。在此基础上,从林农生计资本要素出发,提出了鼓励林地流转、发展规模经营、加快林业社会化服务体系建设等政策建议。

⑴Background--With the reform of collective forest tenure system and the continuous advancement of ecological civilization construction,the enthusiasm of forest farmers to develop forestry has been improved,and the ways of forest land utilization have become diversified.From the perspective of forest farmers livelihood capital,it has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainability of forest farmers livelihood and the sustainability of forest land utilization to study the forest farmers utilization of forest land,reveal the differences in forest land utilization patterns under different livelihood capitals,and compare and study the impact of different livelihood capital factors on forest land utilization patterns.⑵Methods--Based on the questionnaire survey data of 526 households in Southern Shaanxi,Northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong regions of Shaanxi Province,multiple logit models were selected to study the impact of human capital,natural capital,material capital,financial capital and social capital on forest land utilization.On the basis of setting and weighting the variables of forest farmers livelihood capital,the other four forest land forestry modes were estimated by regression with“planting and breeding under forest”as the“reference scheme”.⑶Results--According to the proportion of forestry income to the overall household income,forest farmers were divided into pure forestry households,part-time forestry households,concurrent forestry households and non-forestry households.Through descriptive analysis of the characteristics of forest farmers,capital types and forest land utilization patterns,it can be seen that only concurrent forestry households and non-forestry households have abandoned or transferred forest land.The proportion of part-time forestry households engaged in forest production and seedling flowers is higher,47.5%and 19.8%respectively.They have more human capital and social capital.The proportion of concurrent forestry households engaged in planting,breeding and seedling flowers under forest is higher,55.0%and 21.1%respectively.They have higher human capital,financial capital and social capital.For pure forestry households,material capital,social capital and financial capital have a significant impact on the way of forest land utilization,while only natural capital has a significant impact on the way of forest land utilization for part-time forestry households.For concurrent forestry households,human capital and financial capital can significantly affect the way of forest land utilization,but only human capital has no significant impact on the way of forest land utilization among the five types of livelihood capital of non-forestry households.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--Firstly,the differences in livelihood capital structure of different types of forest farmers affects their choice of forest land utilization mode,and the differences in livelihood capital structure of forest farmers has an on-negligible correlation with forest land utilization and its change.Secondly,in the choice of forestry land utilization by forest farmers,there are significant differences in the impact of livelihood capital factors.For pure forestry households,the key factors are material capital,social capital and financial capital.For the part-time forestry households,the key factor is natural capital.For concurrent forestry households,the key factors are human capital and financial capital.For non-forestry households,human capital is not a key factor.The enlightenment of the research conclusion is that we should strengthen propaganda and guidance,encourage the transfer of forest land,cultivate professional forest farmers and increase their natural capital and material capital.On the other hand,we should speed up the construction of forestry socialization service system,especially forestry infrastructure construction service and forestry financial service,and change the forest farmers extensive behavior on the utilization of forest land.