森林碳汇项目有助于减贫吗?

Are Forest Carbon Sequestration Projects Helpful in Reducing Poverty?

基于2005—2014年大兴安岭图强林业局碳汇造林项目的项目地潮河林场、奋斗林场、二十八站林场和育英林场的数据,建立结构方程模型对森林碳汇项目促进减贫的影响因素及其之间的关系进行实证分析。结果表明:森林碳汇项目通过促进社会就业情况和经济情况有助于减缓贫困,并且社会就业情况在减贫影响上比经济状况贡献度高;而森林碳汇项目造林阶段的造林面积对减缓贫困在一定程度上呈正相关关系。通过结果分析表明只有基于内生发展动力和贫困人口的自我发展能力的森林碳汇项目开发设计,由"输血型"模式变为"造血型"模式,才能更好地实现应对气候变化和缓解贫困两个目标。

⑴Background--Forest carbon sequestration,as a tool to realize beautiful China,is being gradually applied to coordinate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic and social development.At the same time,in addressing the challenges of emission reduction and poverty alleviation,forest carbon sequestration projects have a triple function of adapting to and mitigating climate change and poverty alleviation.So the forest carbon sequestration project has been entrusted with a new mission under the background of carrying out the two strategies of ecological civilization construction and precise poverty alleviation.⑵Methods--This paper is based on the data of Chaohe Forest Farm,Struggle Forest Farm,28th Station Forest Farm and Yuying Forest Farm,which are the projects of the carbon sequestration afforestation project of Tuqiang Forestry Bureau in Greater Khingan Range from 2005 to 2014.The SPSS19.0 statistical software is used to analyze the reliability and validity,and then the Amos software is used to establish the structural equation model to empirically analyze the influencing factors of forest carbon sequestration projects on poverty alleviation and the relationship between them.⑶Results--The initial fitting results did not reach the ideal state and the hypothetical path relation was not established.The modified model fitting results were obtained by deleting the annual emission reduction and industrialization degree of the project and correcting the error terms e 2 and e 5.The path coefficient of forest carbon sequestration project to economic situation is 0.53,which indicates that forest carbon sequestration project has positive influence on economic situation.The path coefficient of forest carbon sequestration project to social employment is 0.73,which indicates that forest carbon sequestration project has significantly positive effect on social employment.The path coefficient of forest carbon sequestration project to poverty reduction population is 0.176,which indicates that forest carbon sequestration project has positive correlation with poverty reduction population.The path coefficient of social employment to poverty reduction population is-0.71,and the path coefficient of economic situation to poverty reduction population is-0.48,which means that social employment and economic situation have negative influence on poverty reduction population.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--Forest carbon sequestration projects help alleviate poverty through social employment and economic conditions,in which social employment contributes more to poverty alleviation than economic conditions.At the same time,the afforestation area of the forest carbon sequestration project has not played a positive role in alleviating poverty during the afforestation stage,mainly because the methodology of forest carbon sequestration projects states that agricultural activities(crop planting,grazing)and logging are not permitted and diseased and dead trees should be treated on the spot during the project period.As a result,the rights of farmers to graze and cut down branches in the project forestland are deprived.Through the conclusions,the following Suggestions are proposed:①The participation enthusiasm of the poor in self-organization and self-development should be improved by providing employment opportunities and training opportunities;②In order to avoid the damage to the existing forestland rights and economy of the poor caused by the development of forest carbon sequestration project,the country should increase the investment of compensation funds for the poor;③The benefits of the poor should be taken into account in the development of forest carbon sequestration project,and the development of local economy,improvement of the living standard of the poor,and increase of the employment of the poor should be included in the project design.