基于出租车GPS大数据的城市区域间可达性评估模型

Inter-regional Accessibility Evaluation Model of Urban Based on Taxi GPS Big Data

区域间可达性的评估对城市地面交通出行效率的提高有着重要作用。传统区域间可达性评估方法使用区域间直线距离计算区域间的平均旅行时间,其平均值与实际值的偏差较高,而且基于出租车乘降热点统计的区域间可达性量化方法对于旅行目的地分布不均的区域量化结果过低。针对以上两点不足导致的区域间可达性评估不准确的问题,文中构建了基于GPS的区域间可达性评估模型,从出租车GPS数据中提炼出完整的旅行来计算实际的旅行时间,以提高平均旅行时间的准确性。在此基础上还提出了一种基于四维OD矩阵的可达率计算模型,并以此可达率作为可达性量化标准,从而解决部分区域因发生旅行的目的地分布不均而导致的区域可达性评估不准确的问题。实验表明,提出的可达性评估模型较传统方法而言评估的准确性提高了9.4%～28.7%,特别是在旅行目的地分布不均的结果区域中,可达性评估准确性的提高更为显著。

The evaluation of inter-regional accessibility plays an important role in improving the efficiency of ground traffic in cities.Traditional inter-regional accessibility evaluation methods make use of the inter-regional linear distance to calculate the regional average travel time,leading to big error between average value and actual value,and the result of inter-regional accessibility measurement method based on hotspot statistics of taxi boarding area quantifying the areas with uneven travel destination distribution is unsatisfactory.In order to solve the problem of inaccurate inter-regional accessibility evaluation caused by the above two points,this paper constructed an inter-area accessibility evaluation model based on GPS,and extracted a complete trip from the taxi GPS data to calculate the actual travel time,so as to improve the accuracy of average travel time.On this basis,this paper proposed a quantitative calculation model of accessibility rate based on four-dimensional OD matrix,and used the accessibility rate as the quantification standard of accessibility to solve the problem of inaccurate evaluation of inter-regional accessibility caused by uneven travel destination distribution of some areas.Experiments show that the accuracy of the proposed accessibility evaluation model is 9.4%~28.7%higher than the traditional method,especially in the area with uneven distributed travel destination,the improvement of accessibility evaluation is significant.