当前中国工业发展问题与未来高质量发展对策

Current China's Industrial Development Issues and Its High Quality Development in Future

工业发展是中国经济高质量发展的基础和建设社会主义现代化强国的关键,这是因为工业是技术创新的第一源泉和核心领域,是国民经济效率提升的物质基础和可持续发展的根本保证。离开工业实体经济的发展,中国有陷入"中等收入陷阱"的危险。当前要特别警惕"去工业化""逆库兹涅茨化"现象的发展,并在第四次工业革命来袭之际,抓住机会加快推进制造强国和现代化经济体系建设。目前,中国工业发展存在的主要问题有:关键领域的技术创新能力不足,基础研究投入不足;要素成本上升,企业盈利能力下降;产能过剩问题严重,经济运行风险加大;增长方式相对粗放,质量和效率亟待提高;国际竞争中面临"双端挤压",经贸摩擦加剧。中国工业发展的诸多问题,迫切需要推进高质量发展,认为应从产业政策转型、增强自主创新能力,推进供给侧结构性改革,强化人力资本积累,推动新一轮高水平对外开放等5个方面促进工业的高质量发展。

Industrial development is the foundation of China′s high-quality economic development and the key to building a modern and powerful socialist country,due to the fact that industry is the first source and core area of technological innovation,the material basis for improving the efficiency of the national economy and the fundamental guarantee for sustainable development.Without the development of industrial real economy,China may fall into the"middle-income trap".China should be especially vigilant in the development of"de-industrialization"and"anti-Kuznets"phenomenon.When the Fourth Industrial Revolution comes,China should seize the opportunity to accelerate the construction of a powerful manufacturing country and a modern economic system.The main problems existing in China′s industrial development are:lack of technological innovation in key areas and insufficient input in basic research;factor cost increases and business profitability decreases;excess capacity problem is serious and economic operation risk is increasing;the growth mode is relatively extensive,and the quality and efficiency need to be improved;international competition is facing"double ended extrusion"and economic and trade frictions intensified.It is urgent to promote the development of high quality industries.This paper argues that China should promote high-quality industrial development from five aspects:industrial policy transformation,enhancing the ability of independent innovation,promoting supply-side structural reform,strengthening the accumulation of human capital,and promoting a new round of high-level opening up.