非物质文化遗产的文化资本属性及发展新范式

Intangible Cultural Heritage Cultural Capital Property and the Development of the New Paradigm

依照布迪厄的文化资本理论,非遗文化资本由非遗传承主体所具备的身体化文化资本、非遗产品的客体化文化资本以及非遗等级评审制度所形成的制度化文化资本共同构成。这三种文化资本相互作用,彼此牵制。非遗的传承是文化资本的再生产,主要表现为非遗主体身体化文化资本的外显与传承者文化资本的获得。非遗文化资本的转化是实现资本价值的关键,这一转化过程分为整合非遗文化资源、梳理分析出非遗具有标志性的文化内涵和符号、以市场为导向进行选择性开发三个阶段。非遗与文化创意产业的结合是非遗文化资本转化的重要方式,这一方式体现在非遗技艺的创新、将非遗产品作为客体的创新以及非遗用途创新这三个层面。

According to Bourdieu’s “cultural capital” theory, the cultural capital of Intangible Cultural Heritage consists of three parts:the body of cultural capital that provided by the main part of inheritors of Intangible Cultural Heritage, the objectification cultural capital of Intangible Cultural Heritage products and the institution cultural capital that made by the inspection system of Intangible Cultural Heritage. These three cultural capitals interact and constrain with each other. The inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage is the reproduction of cultural capital, which are mainly manifested by the external displaying of the body cultural capital of the subject of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the acquisition of cultural capital by the inheritor. The key to realize the cultural capital is the transformation of Intangible Cultural Heritage. The transformation processes are divided into three stages: integrating cultural resources of Intangible Cultural Heritage, sorting out and analyzing cultural connotation and symbol of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and making selective development by market orientation. The combination of Intangible Cultural Heritage and cultural creative industry is an important way to transform Intangible Cultural Heritage, which are reflected in the innovation of Intangible Cultural Heritage skills, the innovation of taking Intangible Cultural Heritage products as the object and innovation in the use of Intangible Cultural Heritage.