陕北能源开发区县域社会剥夺的空间差异与形成机制

Spatial Pattern and Formation Mechanism of Social Deprivation at County-Level in Energy-Developmental Area of Northern Shaanxi Province

运用第五次和第六次全国人口普查数据,采用社会剥夺指数模型和空间分析方法,系统研究陕北能源开发区县域社会剥夺地域特征、空间模式及形成机制。结果表明:1)2000年以来,陕北能源开发区县域社会剥夺水平整体呈下降趋势,县域社会剥夺指数平均值由0.351降至0.254。2)陕北能源开发区县域社会剥夺地域差异显著。榆林市县域社会剥夺水平差距最大,高于研究区县域平均水平,延安市县域社会剥夺水平差距相对较小,榆林南六县和延安南五县社会发展处于相对均衡状态。3)陕北能源开发区县域社会剥夺空间模式由"双核对称式"演变为"双核组团式",县域社会剥夺热点区由区域中部转移至北部地区,总体呈现能源经济县域社会剥夺强度加大而农业经济县域社会剥夺强度减弱的变化模式。4)县域社会剥夺空间格局是经济发展、政策设计、区域开发和路径依赖等因素长期交互耦合作用的结果。因此,统筹推进区域经济转型、社会发展和生态环境综合治理是新时期实现能源开发区可持续发展的重要途径。

Social equality is regarded as a critical issue influencing the regional social and economic development and policy-making.Taking the energy-developmental area of northern Shaanxi Province as an example,the regional characteristics,spatial pattern and formation mechanism of social deprivation at county level were researched systematically based on the census data in 2000 and 2010.The main results were as follows.1)The intensity of social deprivation at county level in the energy-developmental area of northern Shaanxi Province has been overall declining,the average index of social deprivation decreased from 0.351 to 0.254 during the period of 2000 to 2010.2)The regional differences of social deprivation were evident in the study area,and the intensity gap of social deprivation at county level in Yulin was largest,which was higher than the average level of the study area,and followed by Yan'an.In comparison,the intensity gap of social deprivation for the six southern counties in Yulin and five southern counties in Yan'an was less.3)The spatial pattern of social deprivation at county level was shifted from "double-core symmetry" to "dual-core group",and the hot-spot region of social deprivation at county level was transferred from the middle to the northern region in the energy-developmental area of northern Shaanxi Province,with the intensity of social deprivation increasing in the energy economy counties and decreasing in the agricultural economy counties.4)The spatial pattern of social deprivation at county level was the results of long-term interaction and coupling of factors such as economic development,policy design,regional development,and paths dependence of development.Therefore,it is an important way to achieve sustainable development of the energy-developmental area by coordinating and advancing the transformation of regional economy,social development,and comprehensive governance of the eco-environment in new era.