我国制造业要素密集度异质性产业间资源错配与产业结构升级

Resource Misallocation among Industries of Heterogeneity of Factor Intensity in China's Manufacturing Industry and Industry Structure Upgrade

制造业内部不同要素密集型产业间资源错配是阻碍我国制造业转型升级的重要因素之一,文章利用构建的测算模型并使用我国2006～2015年省级层面数据,测算结果表明:2006～2015年我国制造业不同要素密集型产业之间的资源错配引致制造业总体TFP年均损失3.25%,其中资本错配导致制造业总体TFP年均损失0.53%,劳动错配导致TFP年均损失为2.25%,即我国不同要素密集型产业间的资源错配主要由劳动错配导致。总体资源错配呈逐年下降趋势,但是资本错配在2012年之后逐年提高。劳动密集型产业存在39.69%的过度劳动投入,资本密集型产业存在44.44%的劳动力投入缺口和8.69%的资本投入过度,技术密集型产业存在一定程度的资本配置不足的问题。通过纠正不同要素密集型产业间资源错配,制造业的劳动密集型产业占比得以大幅度下降,资本密集型产业占比大幅度上升,制造业内部的产业结构得到进一步升级。

The resource misallocation among different factorintensive industries in the manufacturing industry is one of the important factors that impede the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.By analyzing the calculation model and provincial-level data in China during 2006-2015,this paper find out that the resources misallocation among different factors-intensive industries in China's manufacturing industry leads to 3.25%of average annual loss of TFP.The capital misallocation leads to the average annual loss of 0.53%,and labor misallocation 2.25%,which means that the misallocation of resources among different factors-intensive industries is mainly caused by labor misallocation.The overall resource misallocation decreased year by year,but the capital misallocation increased after 2012.Labor intensive industries have 39.69%excessive labor input,while capital intensive industries have 44.44%labor input gap and 8.69%capital overinvestment.Technology intensive industries have a certain degree of shortage of capital allocation.By correcting the misallocation of resources among different factors-intensive industries,the proportion of labor intensive industries in manufacturing industry has been greatly reduced,and the proportion of capital intensive industries has risen substantially.The industrial structure in the manufacturing industry has been further upgraded.