美沙酮维持治疗的HIV感染者高效抗逆转录病毒治疗前后多药滥用情况调查研究

Multidrug abuse in HIV-positive patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy

目的了解美沙酮维持治疗的HIV感染者在高效抗逆转录病毒治疗前后多药滥用情况。方法采用中国国家疾病控制中心制定的《接受抗病毒治疗的IDU患者情况调查表》对美沙酮维持治疗的HIV感染者入组前后进行问卷调查。结果美沙酮维持治疗的HIV感染者参加高效抗逆转录病毒治疗前并用的毒品按使用频度递减分别是为:海洛因、曲马多、安定、异丙嗪、麻谷;参加高效抗反转录病毒治疗后,海洛因、异丙嗪等毒品滥用的人数比率明显升高(P<0.05);吸毒方式转向静脉吸毒为主,偷吸海洛因量较参加高效抗逆转录病毒治疗前有所升高,每月花费分别为(103.24±36.17)元、(370.16±87.25)元。结论美沙酮维持治疗的HIV感染者仍存在海洛因、安定、曲马多等多药滥用现象,在进行抗逆转录病毒治疗后毒品滥用现象较前有所加剧,其对美沙酮维持治疗及抗逆转录病毒治疗的影响值得进一步研究。

Objective To understand the prevalence of multidrug abuse in HIV-positive patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy before and after highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART).Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in HIV-positive patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment before and after their administration of HAART.And the questionnaire,Survey of IDU Patients Receiving Anti-viral Therapy was developed by the National Center for Disease Control in China.Results The most frequently abused drug by HIV-positive patients who received methadone maintenance treatment before HAART was heroin,followed by tramadol,diazepam,promethazine,and mahgu.After receiving HAART,the percentage of subjects abusing heroin and promethazine increased significantly(P<0.05).The most common way of drug abuse turned to intravenous drug abuse,and the quantity of heroin abuse increased significantly after receiving HAART.The monthly cost on drug abuse was￥(103.24±36.17)and(370.16±87.25),respectively before and after HAART therapy.Conclusions In HIV-positive patients who received methadone maintenance treatment,drug abuse,including heroin,diazepam,tramadol and other drugs,prevails.The drug abuse exacerbates after they receive HAART.The effects of drug abuse on methadone maintenance treatment and HAART need further study.