杭州市下城区与衢州市柯城区小学生近视相关因素分析

Related factors of myopia among primary students in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou and Kecheng District of Quzhou

目的评估杭州市下城区与衢州市柯城区小学生近视患病率,分析近视相关因素,为早期预防近视提供一定依据。方法检查2 477名来自杭州下城区及衢州柯城区的1～6年级小学生的视力、屈光度、眼轴长度、角膜曲率、前房深度等。针对遗传、睡眠、户外活动时间、近距离工作时间、读写姿势等进行问卷调查。结果杭州市下城区小学生其近视患病率、等效球镜、眼轴长度在不同年龄间差异均有统计学意义。衢州市柯城区小学生其近视患病率、等效球镜、眼轴长度在不同年龄间差异均有统计学意义。杭州下城区和衢州柯城区两地区间比较,近视患病率、等效球镜、眼轴长度差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。女生近视患病率及眼轴长度均较男生高。在相关性分析中,排除年龄因素,等效球镜与父母亲近视度、近距离工作时间呈负相关;等效球镜与户外活动时间、读写距离呈正相关。等效球镜跟睡眠时间无相关性。两个地区父母的近视程度、小孩户外活动时间、眼睛至桌面距离的比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论杭州下城区小学生的近视发病率高于衢州柯城区,这与杭州城区父母较高的近视度、小学生较少时间的户外活动、作业时眼睛至桌面距离近相关。

Objective To assess the prevalence of myopia in primary students in Xiacheng district of Hangzhou and Kecheng district of Quzhou,and to analyze the related factors of myopia.Methods A total of 2477 grades 1-6 primary school students from Hangzhou and Quzhou participated in the study.The students were examined for diopter,axial length and corneal curvature.Detailed questions on parental refractive error,sleep,outdoor activity,close-distance working and reading-writing posture were asked in a face-to-face interview using a standard questionnaire.Results There were significant differences in myopia prevalence,spherical equivalent and axial length in students of different ages both in Xiacheng district and in Kecheng district.Significant differences were found between Hangzhou and Quzhou in the myopia prevalence,spherical equivalent(SE)and axial length.The myopia prevalence and axial length were higher in girls than those in boys.when age was adjusted,the SE was negatively correlated with myopia degree of parents and close-distance working,and positively correlated with outdoor activity and reading-writing distance,but was not significantly correlated with sleep time.The difference of myopia degree of parents,the time of outdoor activities and the distance between the eyes and the desktop were statistically significant between the two regions.Conclusion The myopia prevalence in Xiacheng district of Hangzhou city is higher than that in Kecheng distric of Quzhou city,which was associated with the myopia of parents,less outdoor activity and closer distance between eyes and desktop.