杭州湾滨海湿地生态系统服务价值变化

Changes of ecosystem services value of Hangzhou Bay Coastal Wetland

湿地生态服务价值评估是生态学的研究热点之一。为科学评估杭州湾滨海湿地生态服务功能价值及变化特点,构建湿地生态系统评价体系,基于遥感数据和社会统计数据,结合生态学和经济学方法,对2000, 2005, 2010和2015年杭州湾滨海湿地生态系统的供给、调节、支持、文化服务4大类12个子类服务功能,采用市场价值法、影子工程法、替代成本法、造林成本法等方法进行了价值评估。结果表明:杭州湾滨海湿地生态服务总价值呈递减趋势,分别为413.01, 261.25, 259.52和224.30亿元,调节服务是其主要服务类型,占总服务价值的60.00%以上;气候调节、水质净化、保持土壤是杭州湾滨海湿地生态系统的核心功能,三者占到服务价值的80%以上。分析表明,城市建设、过度围垦是造成湿地面积减少,生态系统价值降低的主要驱动因素。通过对杭州湾滨海湿地服务功能价值的动态变化及定量化评估,建议以其为指导,为杭州湾滨海湿地现有资源的生态保护提供科学依据。

Wetland ecosystems have important ecological functions such as storing flooding waters,protecting shorelines,adjusting climate,and providing habitats for fish and wildlife.Evaluation on service value of wetlands ecosystems is a hot research topic in ecology.Hangzhou Bay,as a typical coastal wetland in China,was selected as a case for this research.In order to scientifically evaluate the value and change characteristics of Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland ecosystem services,a wetland ecosystem assessment system was constructed.The ecosystem services were divided into four main categories,namely,provision,regulating,supporting and cultural services.The above four categories were further subdivided into 12 subcategories.Based on the remote sensing data and social statistics data,combined with ecological and economic methods,ecosystem services were analyzed.The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services for Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland in 2000,2005,2010 and 2015 was 413.01×10^8,261.25×10^8,259.52×10^8,and 224.30×10^8 RMB respectively,showing a decreasing trend.The main service category of Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland was the regulating service,the value of which accounting for more than 60.00 per cent of the total ecosystem service value.The main functions of Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland were climate regulation,water purification and soil conservation,the values of which accounting for more than 80 per cent of the total ecosystem service value.Over-reclamation and urban construction reduced wetland area,resulting in the decreasing ecosystem values.This study quantitatively evaluated the service value of Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland between 2000 and 2015.It is suggested that the study should be taken as a guide to strengthen the ecological protection of the existing resources of Hangzhou Bay coastal wetland.[Ch,13 tab.40 ref.].