不同节水灌溉方式对‘美乐’果实品质及产量的影响

Effect of different water-saving irrigation methods on berry quality and yield of 'Merlot' grapevine

为探索宁夏地区酿酒葡萄适宜的节水灌溉模式,以8年生‘美乐’葡萄为试材,常规沟灌为对照,探究4种不同节水灌溉方式对土壤含水量、新梢生长、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:覆草微灌、覆膜微灌与常规沟灌相比,分别节水57.4%、57.7%;各处理都具有良好的保水效果,且覆膜和覆草的微灌处理能够减少深层次土壤的水分渗漏;4种灌溉方式都能有效地增加百粒重,覆膜微灌效果最显著;覆草微灌能够提高可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸的分解速率,覆膜微灌可增加果实直径,增产效果最佳;覆草沟灌及覆草微灌均抑制新梢和果实直径增长。因此,微灌与地面覆盖相结合有很好的应用效果,覆草微灌效果最佳。

In order to explore the suitable water-saving irrigation mode for grapevine growth in Ningxia,8-year-old‘Merlot’was selected as experimental material,research on the influence of different pattern-conventional furrow irrigation was done,effects of different water-saving irrigation methods on soil water content,grape shoot growth,fruit quality and yield were explored.The results showed that compared with conventional furrow irrigation,microirrigation with straw mulching and film mulching could achieve the water-saving rate of 57.4%and 57.7%.There were optimum water retention effect under each treatments,and mulching with micro-irrigation could reduce the water leakage of deep soil.Four kinds of irrigation methods were effective in enhancing hundred grain weight and microirrigation with film mulching was the most remarkable,soluble solids was increased and the decomposition rate of titratable acid was decreased by microirrigation with straw mulching,while the diameter of berry was increased by microirrigation with film mulching and effect of increasing yield was remarkable,the growth of shoots and the diameter of berry were inhibited by furrow irrigation and microirrigation.It could be seen that the combination of micro-irrigation and ground covering had a beneficial application effect.Therefore,the use of microirrigation with straw mulching in semiarid and arid climate was best.