末端脱氧核酸转移酶介导的功能核酸生物传感器研究进展

Research Progress on Functional Nucleic acid Biosensors Mediated by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase

末端脱氧核酸转移酶(TdT酶)是一种DNA聚合酶,可以催化脱氧核苷酸结合到DNA分子的3'羟基端,并且该反应无需特定的模板。目前,基于末端脱氧核酸转移酶可对模板核酸链的末端进行延伸这一特性,搭载不同的信号输出及扩增方式,构建了一系列的生物传感技术,如电化学生物传感器、荧光生物传感器、表面离子共振生物传感器等。对各类传感器的基本设计原理和应用进行了阐述。根据TdT酶的性质设计的一系列生物传感器具有简单、快速、廉价、灵敏度高、特异性好等优点,实现了对金属离子、病原体、蛋白质等的检测。最后对TdT酶介导的生物传感器目前的研究现状进行了总结并且对TdT酶未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(TdT enzyme)is a DNA polymerase that catalyzes the binding of deoxynucleotides to the 3’hydroxyl end of a DNA molecule,and for which a specific template is not demanded.Currently,based on the characteristics of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases that can extend the ends of the template nucleic acid strands and carried on with different signal outputs and amplification methods,a series of biosensing technologies were constructed,such as electrochemical biosensors,fluorescent biosensor,and surface ion resonance biosensors.This article describes the basic design principles and applications of various sensors.A series of biosensors can be designed for the detection of metal ions,pathogens,and proteins according to the properties of TdT enzymes,with the advantages of simplicity,rapidity,low cost,high sensitivity,and fine specificity.At the end of this article,the current research status on TdT-mediated biosensors is summarized and its future development direction is prospected.