人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统的研究进展

Progress in Microbial Fuel Cell Coupled Constructed Wetlands

人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统(CW-MFC)是一种将人工湿地技术(CW)和微生物燃料电池技术(MFC)结合在一起的新型污水处理系统,其产电机理是产电微生物在底层湿地(阳极)的厌氧条件下生成电子,通过外电路传递到表面湿地(阴极)完成氧化还原反应。但是,近几年来,关于CW-MFC研究的文章较少且研究深度较浅。综述了电极材料、水力条件、湿地植物及微生物等条件对CW-MFC污水处理能力和产电能力的影响。在电极材料方面,选用导电性、吸附性及有效面积大的材料作为电极可有效提高CW-MFC产电与去污能力;在水利条件方面,在HRT为2-3 d的条件下,应选用升流式或升流-降流式的入水方式;湿地植物方面,种植湿地植物的CW-MFC在去污和产电能力上都要优于未种植植物的CW-MFC;微生物方面,阴极与阳极的微生物群落结构存在明显的差异,但存在的产电菌的种类却十分相似。CW-MFC中存在的常见产电微生物主要包括地杆菌属(Geobacter)、脱硫叶菌属(Desulfobulbus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomona)和脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)等。最后对CW-MFC的研究方向进行了分析,以期为CW-MFC的实际应用提供理论依据。

Microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetlands(CW-MFC)is a new type of wastewater treatment system that combines constructed wetland(CW)and microbial fuel cell(MFC).The electricigen generate electrons in the wetland of underlying where an anaerobic environment(anode)is,and the electrons cross the external circuits to surface wetland(cathode)to complete the redox reaction.However,the research on the CW-MFC in recent years is rare and simple.In this paper,the effects of electrode materials,water conservancy conditions,wetland plants and microbes on wastewater treatment capacity and electricity-generating capacity of CW-MFC are reviewed.For electrode materials,the power generation and decontamination ability of CW-MFC could be effectively improved while using materials with high conductivity,adsorption,and large effective area as electrodes.Regarding water conservancy conditions,the up flow or up flow-down flow type of water inlet should be used in CW-MFC under the condition of HRT of 2-3 d.Considering wetland plants,the CW-MFC planted with wetland plants is superior to those without wetland plants in terms of decontamination and electricity production.On microbes,there are significant differences in the microbial community structure between the cathode and the anode;however,the composition of the electricigen is very similar.The types of common electricigen in CW-MFC include Geobacter,Desulfobulbus,Pseudomona and Desulfovibrio,etc.,respectively.Finally,the challenges and research directions of CW-MFC are analyzed briefly.This review aims to provide reliable experimental reference and theoretical basis for CW-MFC’s future application.