中低技能劳动者因何获得了更高收入?——基于新人力资本的视角

What Makes the Low-skilled Workers Earn More?:Based on the Perspective of New Human Capital

收入偏低是造成中低技能劳动者就业质量不高的一个重要原因。利用教育部"2015年全国中等职业教育毕业生就业质量调查"数据考察了以能力为核心的新人力资本在中低端劳动力市场的回报。结果发现在中低技能群体中,以能力为核心的新人力资本具有较高的回报率,其中非认知能力(尽责性)的回报率最为突出,为14. 3%。这种回报优势在不同的岗位与不同的性别群体中具有显著的异质性,并且在纠正了内生性后,非认知能力的收入效应仍然较为稳健。本研究的实证结论揭示了非认知能力在提升中低技能群体就业质量中的巨大价值,在此基础上提出了提升其收入的有效途径。

Low income is an important reason for the low quality of employment of lowand medium-skilled workers. This paper uses the data of Survey on Employment Quality of National Secondary Vocational Education Graduates in 2015 to examine the return of the new human capital in the low-end labor market. The result shows that among the low-and medium-skilled groups,the new human capital has a high rate of return,14. 3% for non-cognitive ability. There is a great heterogeneity of different genders and occupations in these income effects,Meanwhile,after correcting endogeneity,the effect of non-cognitive ability on income is still stable. The empirical conclusions of this study reveal the great value of non-cognitive ability in improving the quality of employment of low-and mediumskilled groups,after that we can propose effective polices aiming to increase their income.