新乡市获嘉县传统耕作区农田土壤微生物群落结构和多样性研究

Soil microbial community structure and diversity from farmland in traditional cultivation area of Huojia county,Xinxiang city

新乡地区是河南省重要的粮食产区,其农田土壤微生物的群落结构和多样性目前仍不清楚.以新乡市获嘉县长期免耕和传统耕作的农田土壤为材料,测定其土壤理化特征,并且采用高通量测序技术分析其土壤微生物的群落特征.结果显示,该区域农田土壤的基本理化性质为:含水量9.37%～13.39%,pH值8.55～8.65,全氮和全磷质量分数分别为0.91～0.96mg/g和4.06～5.34mg/g.土壤中优势细菌菌群为变形菌门(～30%)、浮霉菌门(～20%)、酸杆菌门(～16%)和放线菌门(～8%),优势真菌菌群为子囊菌门的粪壳菌纲(～50%)、散囊菌纲(3%～10%)和座囊菌纲(～10%).免耕处理的土壤微生物丰富度和多样性要高于常规耕作的土壤微生物,而且轮作处理的土壤微生物数量要高于同等条件下单一种植模式的对照处理.本研究有助于了解该地区不同种植模式下的土壤微生物群落结构,可为进一步改良土壤和防治土传病害提供理论依据.

Xinxiang is an important grain producing area of Henan Province.However,the soil microbial community structure and diversity of this region still remain unclear.In this study,we collected the farmland soil samples under the long-term no tillage and conventional tillage methods in Huojia County,Xinxiang City.The soil physical and chemical characteristics were determined,and the community characteristics of soil microorganisms were analyzed by the high throughput sequencing technique.The results showed that the basic physical and chemical properties of the sampled soil were as follows:water content of 9.37%-13.39%,pH value of 8.55-8.65.Total nitrogen and total phosphorus content were 0.91-0.96 mg/g and 4.06-5.34 mg/g,respectively.The predominant bacteria groups in the soil were Proteobacteria(-30%),Planctomycetes(-20%),Acidobacteria(-16%)and Actinobacteria(-8%),and the predominant fungi species were Sordariomycetes(>50%),Eurotiomycetes(3%-10%)and Dothideomycetes(-10%).In addition,the microbial richness and diversity of soil samples under no tillage treatment were higher than those of conventional tillage.This study can contribute to understanding of the soil microbial community structure under different planting patterns,and provide a theoretical basis for further soil improvement and control of soil borne disease.