非毒性结节性甲状腺肿的诊疗进展

Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Toxic Nodular Goiter

非毒性结节性甲状腺肿是临床常见的内分泌系统疾病,核素显像常呈"冷"结节或"凉"结节,故结节的良恶性诊断尤为重要,且许多大的良性结节会出现压迫症状,如声音嘶哑、吞咽困难、窒息感,既往行开放性手术切除缓解症状。随着医疗技术的发展,非毒性结节性甲状腺肿的诊断取得明显进步,如多普勒超声、细胞病理学诊断、分子生物学检测,可用于评估结节的数量、大小和性质。近年来,传统开放性手术带来的创伤、并发症受到关注,越来越多的患者倾向于微创治疗,微波消融具有创伤小、并发症少、疗效确切、可重复操作等优势,可作为传统开放性手术的良好补充与替代,具有很大的临床应用潜力。

Non-toxic nodular goiter is a common clinical disease of endocrine system,the radionuclide imaging of which is often a"cold"nodule or"cold"nodule,so the diagnosis of benign and malignant nodules is particularly important.In many large benign nodules,there are symptoms of oppression,such as hoarseness,difficult swallowing,and suffocation,which were often relieved by open surgical resection in the past.With the development of medical technology,the diagnosis of non-toxic nodular goiter has made great progress,such as Doppler ultrasound,cytopathological diagnosis,molecular biological detection,which can be used to evaluate the number,size and nature of nodules.In recent years,the trauma and complications caused by traditional open surgery have attracted attention.More and more patients are inclined to minimally invasive treatment.Microwave ablation has the advantages of less trauma,less complications,exact curative effect,and repeatable operation,which can be a good complement and replacement of traditional open surgery with great potential for the clinical application.