对王羲之“墨池”形成及传播的解构

Deconstructing the Development and Diffusion of Wang Xizhi's “Inkwell ”

王羲之勤奋习字,将池水染黑形成墨池的故事流传甚广。整理魏晋南北朝时期正史、唐宋时期诗歌、散文、地理志以及明清时期各类选集的方式有助于考证这一"故事"的起源和真实性,得出"墨池"的所在地并理清这一"故事"发展传播的途径。从现存史料看,王羲之墨池的存在值得怀疑,从南朝、隋唐直至宋时各地大量出现的所谓"墨池"普遍来自于附会以及指认,而明清时期关于墨池的诗文被大量结集、印刷,从而使其更大程度地进入普通知识分子的知识世界,以至于进一步扩大了这一"故事"的影响力。

Due to Wang Xizhi’s diligent practice of calligraphy,he blackened his well and made it became an“inkwell”.This story is widespread across China for a long time.By referring to the official dynastic histories of the Southern and Northern dynasties,poems,proses and local chronicles of the Tang and Song dynasties,as well as selected works of the Ming and Qing dynasties,this article conducts a textual research about this story’s origin and facticity,the location of the“inkwell”and the approach of the story’s development and diffusion.This article holds that the existence of the“inkwell”is suspectable,and the so-called“inkwell”in the Southern Dynasty and the Sui,Tang,and Song dynasties across the country may come from false allusion and identification.The poems and proses about the“inkwell”have been collected and printed in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and they entered the knowledge realm of the ordinary intellectuals to a greater extent.In this way,this story’s influence expanded effectively.