库珀中心纵向研究:有氧运动的灵魂

The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study:The Soul of Aerobics

目的:为肯尼斯·库珀(Kenneth H. Cooper)于1970年提出的库珀中心纵向研究(CCLS)提供详细历史。方法:对库珀中心纵向研究人群和库珀诊所所检查的重要参数,以及库珀诊所患者的各种疾病发病率和死亡率进行数据描述。并对近50年来已发表的库珀中心纵向研究的主要研究结果进行总结。结果:在库珀诊所检查期间,通过最大跑台运动测试客观地测量出的心肺功能(CRF)已成为各种疾病发病率和死亡率的强大且独立的风险因素。更具体地说,库珀中心纵向研究明确表明,中高水平的心肺功能与人体全因、心血管疾病和癌症死亡率有显著相关关系。此外,已经证明,中年人群的心肺水平是全因痴呆、Ⅱ型糖尿病、慢性肾病、癌症发病率和存活率以及一些其他慢性疾病的预测因子。因此,库珀中心纵向研究结果还表明,中年人群的心肺水平与老年时期的医疗保健成本呈显著相关。结论:除罕见情况以外,已经进行了近50年的库珀中心纵向研究的研究结果表明,相对于较低水平的心肺功能,中高水平的心肺功能可以有效预防许多疾病。

Purpose: To provide a detailed history of the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study(CCLS),which was conceived of by Kenneth H. Cooper, MD, MPH in 1970. Methods: We describe the CCLS population, key components of the Cooper Clinic examination, and additional sources of morbidity and mortality data for Cooper Clinic patients. We also describe some of the major findings from the CCLS that have been published in peer-reviewed journals over the past half-century. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF), which is measured objectively via a maximal treadmill exercise test during the Cooper Clinic exam, has emerged as a very powerful and independent risk factor for various morbidity and mortality outcomes. More specifically, CCLS has definitively shown that moderate to high levels of CRF provide a significant level of protection from all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality. Furthermore, we have shown that CRF at midlife is a very strong predictor of all-cause dementia, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cancer incidence and survival, as well as several additional chronic health conditions. Accordingly, the CCLS has also shown that midlife CRF is significantly associated with health care costs later in life. Conclusion: With rare exception, regardless of the outcome being studied over the past half-century, the CCLS has shown that moderate to high levels of CRF provide substantial protection from many adverse health outcomes, relative to having a low level of CRF.