论钱大昕的小说观念——以政教功用和史官意志为中心

On the Novel Concept of Qian Da Xin——Focus on the Political Function and the Will of the Historian

清代著名史学家钱大昕以明体致用为治学原则,指出为学不仅应利于明道经邦,且应具备治国救世的现实意义。在这种情况下,钱氏强调小说政教功用的同时,对小说的创作者进行士大夫与"市井无赖"的区分。这种区分主要是强调士大夫创作的稗官小说与"小说演义"等通俗小说,在引导"风俗人心"上的不同效果。钱氏认为士大夫应主动以"穿穴经史,实事求是"为标准进行小说创作,担负引导人心风俗向善的职责。这使得钱氏对小说作品的评价标准,是以小说引导"人心风俗"向善成分之多寡为指导,并于《补元史艺文志》中加以实践。此举有助于从政教功用与史学价值等多角度认识历代书目子部小说家类所隐含的小说观念及其价值。

Because of Historian Qian Da Xin emphasized“Ming Ti Zhi Yong”and Realistic as the scholarship principle,he highlighted the novels of Political Function.On this basis,he believed that the author of the novel should contain“Shi Dai Fu”and“Shi Jing Liu Mang”.These two types of authors on the role of custom boot were not the same.He thought that the fiction should satisfy the principle of Realistic.This made his novel view contained both History and political.This idea became the guiding ideology of“Bu Yuan Shi Yi Wen Zhi”.General speaking,this conduced the multi-angle understanding of the novel view which based on the sight of Bibliography Perspective.