元代日记及其形态论略

On the Diaries of the Yuan Dynasty and Their Forms

从渊源看,古代日记可分为三种形态:实录型、日课型及行纪型。元代日记现存10种,数量虽然不多,但基本涵括了上述形态。其中,实录型日记有《中堂事记》《征缅录》《平宋录》《西使记》《安南行记》等,可分别归入政事类、征伐类及燕行类中,是元帝国不同政治活动的记录,反映了作者存史与颂世的自觉心态;日课型日记源自宋元教育活动中的日课及日簿,并逐渐推广至士人的日常生活中,《云山日记》即体现了其日常化的发展方向;行纪型日记与游记密切相关,《长春真人西游记》《金华洞天行纪》作为代表性作品,记录了元代道士或遗民的行踪、见闻及歌咏,有其独特的时代审美价值。

From the perspective of its origin,ancient diary can be divided into three forms:faithful recording,daily lesson and travel notes.There are 10 diaries in the Yuan Dynasty.This is not a large quantity,but they basically contain the above forms.In particular,the diaries of faithful recording,such as Zhongtang Shiji,Zheng Mian LU,Ping Song Lu,Xi Shi Ji and Annan Xingji,can be classified into the categories of political affairs,expedition and envoy.They are records of different political activities of the the Mong and Yuan empire’s,reflecting the author's conscious attitude of preserving history and extolling the world.The dailies of daily lesson rooted in the education activities in Song and Yuan Dynasties and were gradually popularized to the daily life of intellectuals.Yunshan Diary embodied the daily development direction.The diaries of travel notes was closely related to travel notes.Changchun Zhenren Xiyouji and Jinhua Dongtian Travel Notes were representative works,which recorded the trails and views of Taoists and survivors in the Yuan Dynasty.