农村地区内部教师资源配置失衡表现及影响

Imbalanced allocation of teacher resources among rural areas

党的十九大报告提出要"推动城乡义务教育一体化发展,高度重视农村义务教育"。利用湖南省浏阳市、湘潭县所属12所不同类型农村学校的调研资料,从农村教育系统内外两个方面,总结了农村学校教师资源配置在数量、年龄、性别、专业、编制、职称等方面的失衡表现及影响。农村地区内部学校教师配置失衡根源于教师人才"向城性"的自发流动,以及编制、职称等教育资源的"向城性"政策流动;主旨为空缺补充、侧重偏远学校的系统外教师配置渠道,和主旨为福利提升、侧重城区学校的系统内教师配置渠道双重作用,直接加重了农村地区内部整体教师资源配置失衡问题。

The report of 19th National Congress of CPC indicates that we will" promote the coordinated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, while giving particular attention to rural areas". Using survey data of 12 different rural compulsory schools in Liuyang and Xiangtan County in Hunan Province, this paper analyses imbalanced allocation of teacher resources in rural areas from the inside and the outside of school system, including teachers' quantity, age, gender, major, staffing and professional title. The essential reasons of the imbalanced allocation of teacher resources in rural areas are teachers' spontaneous flow to cities, and policies are in favor of teachers in cities in staffing and professional titles. The outside channel of school system aims to fill the vacancy, which mainly happens in remote schools, while the inside channel of school system aims to promote welfare, which mainly occurs in cities and towns. Both allocation channels directly aggravate the imbalance allocation of teacher resources among rural areas.