硅气凝胶增强增韧的研究进展

Advances in research on strengthening and toughening of silicon aerogels

硅气凝胶作为纳米多孔材料具有热导率低、密度小、孔隙率高等诸多优点,但强韧性差的缺点依然限制了其广泛应用。近年来,国内外学者研究制备的硅气凝胶的整体性和强韧性大为改善。从增强增韧硅气凝胶本体强度方面出发,简要介绍了其原料配比及制备工艺增强增韧的研究进展;再从材料复合硅气凝胶方面出发,综合论述了聚合物、纤维、石墨烯增强增韧的研究进展。

As nano porous materials,silica aerogel has many advantages,such as low thermal conductivity,low density and high porosity.But the disadvantages of bad strong-toughness still limit its wide application.In recent years,the integrity and strong-toughness of silica aerogel prepared by scholars in China and abroad have been improved greatly.Starting from reinforcing the strength of toughened silica aerogel itself,the research progress of its raw material ratio and preparation technology was introduced.Then starting from the compound materials of silica aerogel,the research progress of strengthening and toughening of polymer,fiber and graphene was also discussed.