我国学前教育法律制度的建构——以基本权利功能理论为视角

The Construction of the Legal System of Preschool Education in China——From the Perspective of Functional Theory of Fundamental Rights

学前教育是终身学习的开端,是国民教育体系的重要组成部分。近年来,我国学前教育事业发展速度加快,教育规模壮大,"入园难"的问题得到有效缓解。但学前教育发展不平衡不充分的问题突出,公益性和普惠性特性不足,法律保障制度不完善。制定学前教育法是推动学前教育事业发展的重要保障。德国基本权利功能理论是建构部门法律制度的有效方法之一,我国《宪法》第33条是该理论在我国适用的规范基础,《宪法》第19条和第46条是建构学前教育法律制度的宪法依据。依据学前儿童受教育权的防御权功能、受益权功能和客观价值秩序功能,我们划分了学前儿童受教育权的保护法益和国家的法律义务,归纳出学前教育法律制度的基本内容。

Preschool education is the beginning of lifelong learning and an important part of the national education system.In recent years,the development of preschool education in China has accelerated,and the scale of education has grown.The problem of“the difficulty of children entering kindergarten”has been effectively alleviated.However,there are still some problems,such as the unbalanced and inadequate development of preschool education is prominent,the public welfare and inclusive characteristics are insufficient,and the legal guarantee system is imperfect.The formulation of preschool education law is an important guarantee to promote the development of preschool education.The function theory of basic rights in Germany is one of the effective ways to construct the legal system of departments.Article 33 of the Constitution is the normative basis for the application of this theory in China.Articles 19 and 46 of the Constitution are the constitutional basis for the construction of the legal system of preschool education.According to the defensive function,benefit function and objective value order function of preschool children’s right to education,this paper divides the legal interests of preschool children’s right to education protection and the legal obligations of the state,and sums up the basic contents of the legal system of preschool education.