论权力清单的构造及完善——基于省级政府权力清单的实践

On Construction and Perpection of the Power Lists——Based on the practice of the Power Lists of Provincial Governments

"权力清单"的制定和实施已经成为我国法治政府与服务型政府建设的重要举措,得到了广泛的推广和实践,并已取得一定的成效。基于权责一致的基本原则,"权力清单"与"责任清单"共同构成了完整的权力清单制度。权力清单的功能可以概括为两个方面,即对行政机关的约束功能和对行政相对人的引导功能,这是权力清单功能的一体两面。而权力清单不仅仅在内容上,更应当在构造上紧扣这两个功能的实现,从目前省级政府权力清单的实践来看,在实现上述两大功能上仍存在着差距与不足:"责任清单"的设置方式尚不明确、缺失权力清单的必备要素、权力清单的针对性和创造性不足、既有成果没有得到建制化、权力清单体现政府职权厘清的成果不力。要通过明确"责任清单"的设置方式、补齐权力清单的必备要素、在全国范围内规范权力清单的构造、完整体现政府职权厘清成果等途径来进一步完善权力清单的构造,以充分实现权力清单的功能,满足法治政府与服务型政府的建设目标。

The enactment and the practice of the power lists is an important measure in the progress of service-oriented government and the government under the rule by law.In view of the principle of integration of power and responsibility,the complete power lists is composed of the power list and the responsibility list.The power lists has the functions of guiding the opposite party and restricting the administrative organ.The power lists should realize these two functions not only in content,but also in building.But at present,the building practice of provincial government power lists can not fully realize the two functions mentioned above,which is mainly reflected in four aspects.First,the“responsibility lists”setting method is not clear;Second,the essential elements of the power lists is missing;Third,the pertinence and creativity of the power lists are insufficient and the system of the existing achievements have not been established;Especially the results of“decentralization of government power”being not enough.In order to meet the requirements of building Service Government,we should standardize the building of power lists in the whole country by filling up the essential elements of the power lists,and realize the function of the power lists by completely reflecting of the government undefined functions and powers,etc..