论基于利益分享的农村土地权利制度

On Rural Land Rights System from Benefits Sharing

基于利益分享的农村土地权利制度是现有法律权利体系的补充,内生于已有的民事权利制度。配置合理的农村权利体系是农村集体土地增值利益分享的重要保证。在农村土地权利制度三大核心范畴中,契约是中介性范畴,利益是目的性范畴,权利是手段性范畴。将权利体系的构建放置到三种基本契约模式中去,成员权制度是反复博弈之后社会规范嵌入的结果,是针对关系契约中的不确定性进行的适应性制度安排,在现有的法律制度之下应通过分类契约来治理完善土地权利制度,建立征收前与关系契约相关的成员权制度和征收中与交易契约相关的处分权制度,通过"所有权——成员权——承包权——承包土地使用权——土地经营权"的逻辑落实土地处分权,间接实现承包经营权与土地经营权的分离,推动经营权的债权物权化。

The rural land rights system based on benefit sharing is a supplement to the existing legal rights system,which is endogenous to the existing civil rights system.Reasonable allocation of rural rights system is an important guarantee for value-added benefit sharing of rural collective land.Starting from the three core categories of rural land rights system-benefit,right and contract,this paper holds that the contract is fallen into medium category,the benefit is fallen into purpose category and the right is fallen into the means category.Three kinds of social relationships in the land expropriation are based on the three kinds of common basic relationships,existing in the three kinds of contracts,thus three kinds of governance modes shall be applied.This paper analyses the land value-added and the exercise of rights under different land use conditions,considers that the membership right system is the result of the embedding of social norms after repeated games,and is an adaptive institutional arrangement for the uncertainty in the relationship contract.It puts forward the classification of governance by classified contract under the existing legal system.In order to improve the land right system,the membership right system related to the relationship contract before expropriation and the disposition right system related to the transaction contract in expropriation are discussed.It is suggested that the land disposition right should be implemented through the logic of“ownership-membership right-contract right-contracted land use right-land management right”,and the separation of contractual management right and land management right should be indirectly realized.the real right of creditor’s right.Then,creditor’s right of the management should turn into property right.