跨国代孕法定亲子关系承认问题研究

Study of the Recognition Issues of Legal Parentage in Transnational Surrogacy

在跨国代孕中,法定亲子关系多由出生地国以出生证明或法院判决等方式认定。由于国际法在法定亲子关系的承认方面存在立法空白,各国国内法中认定法定亲子关系的规则存在差异,使得出生地国认定的跨国代孕亲子关系常常因证明文件的类型、接收国公共秩序保留等原因无法取得接收国的承认,进而导致代孕儿童无父无母,甚至成为无国籍人。法定亲子关系是代孕儿童享有的众多权利的基础。为了保护代孕儿童的权益,国际社会有必要制定一项有法律约束力的多边条约,规范跨国代孕法定亲子关系的承认,限制公共秩序的适用。

Legal parentage is usually established by birth countries in birth certificates or judicial decisions in transnational surrogacy.There is a legislative gap in the recognition of legal parentage in international law.The rules of legal parentage establishment in the domestic laws of countries all over the world have significant differences.As a result of the different types of proof documents and the reservation of public order in the receiving countries,the legal parentage established by birth countries is always refusal of recognition by receiving states.Thus,the child from transnational surrogacy become orphans,even stateless persons.Legal parentage is a status from which surrogate children derive many important rights.It is necessary for the international community to formulate a binding multilateral treaty to regulate the recognition of legal parentage in transnational surrogacy and to limit the application of public order,in order to protect the rights and interests of surrogate children.