应用CNCPS体系评价扁杏加工副产物的营养价值

Evaluation of the nutritional value of by-products from processing industry of almond according to the methodology of cornell net carbohydrate and protein system

本研究旨在应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评价不同扁杏加工副产物的营养价值。选择3种不同的扁杏加工副产物,分别测定其营养成分,应用CNCPS体系理论计算其碳水化合物和蛋白质组分,并分析其营养价值。结果显示,在常规营养成分中,杏仁皮的粗蛋白质(CP)含量较扁杏渣高54.38%(P <0.05);其粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量较扁杏皮分别高1.84、1.47、1.27和1.93倍(P <0.05);扁杏皮的灰分(Ash)含量显著高于扁杏渣和杏仁皮(P <0.05)。在蛋白质组分中,扁杏皮的非蛋白氮(PA)含量较杏仁皮高3.63倍(P <0.05);扁杏渣的慢速降解真蛋白质(PB3)含量显著高于杏仁皮和扁杏皮(P <0.05);杏仁皮的快速降解真蛋白质PB1、中速降解真蛋白质PB2和不可利用蛋白质(PC)含量显著高于扁杏渣和扁杏皮(P <0.05)。在碳水化合物组分中,扁杏渣的碳水化合物(CHO)含量较杏仁皮提高13.36%(P <0.05);扁杏皮的非结构性碳水化合物(CNSC)较杏仁皮高87.43%(P <0.05);扁杏皮的糖(CA),淀粉和可溶性纤维(CB1)含量显著高于扁杏渣和杏仁皮(P <0.05);扁杏渣的可利用纤维(CB2)含量显著高于杏仁皮和扁杏皮(P <0.05);杏仁皮的不可利用纤维(CC)含量显著高于扁杏渣和扁杏皮(P <0.05)。结果表明,不同扁杏加工副产物在常规营养成分、碳水化合物和蛋白质组分等方面存在显著差异。在应用扁杏加工副产物作动物饲料时,应对其化学成分和营养价值进行实际测定或估测。

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrient values of different by-product from frocessing industry of almond according to the methodology of Cornell net carbohydrate-protein system (CNCPS).Three by-product from frocessing industry of almond were collected to determine nutrient compositions,and partition of the protein and carbohydrate fractions were calculated respectively according to the CNCPS method and also analyzed its nutritional value.The results showed as follows:as for the proximate nutrients,the crude protein (CP) contents of almond skin was 54.38% higher than that of almond pomaces(P < 0.05),while its ether extract(EE),neutral detergent fiber (NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL) contents were 1.84,1.47,1.27 and 1.93 times higher than that of almond hull(P < 0.05).The ash (Ash) content of almond hull was significantly higher than that of almond pomaces and almond skin(P < 0.05).As for the nitrogenous compounds,the non-protein nitrogen (PA) content of almond hull was 3.63 times higher than that of almond skin(P < 0.05);The slowly rumen degradable true protein (PB3) contents of almond pomaces were significantly higher than that of almond hull and almond skin (P < 0.05).The rapidly rumen degradable true protein (PB1),intermediately rumen degradable true protein (PB2) and undegradable crude protein (PC) contents of almond skin were significantly higher than that of almond pomaces and almond hull (P < 0.05).For the carbohydrate compounds,the carbohydrate(CHO) content of almond pomaces was 13.36 times higher than that of almond skin (P < 0.05).The nonstructural carbohydrate(CNSC) content of almond hull was 87.43% higher than that of almond skin(P < 0.05);The sugars(CA),starch and soluble fiber (CB1) contents of almond hull were significantly higher than that of almond pomaces and almond skin (P < 0.05).The available fiber (CB2) content of almond pomaces was significantly higher than that of almond skin and almond hull (P < 0.05).The unavailable fiber(CC) contents of almond skin were significantly higher than that of almond pomaces and almond hull (P < 0.05).In conclusion,the proximate nutrients,carbohydrate fractions and protein fractions were found to be significantly different among different by-products from frocessing industry of almond.Therefore,it is recommended to determine or estimate the chemical composition and nutrition value of by-products of almond processing when it is used for feeding animal.