政治“浮漂”:冷战时期魏克兰研究中国电影的独特视角

Political Floating: a Unique Perspective of Weakland's Studies of Chinese Films During the Cold War

中美隔绝对峙期,美国政府及其智库成员约翰·H·魏克兰借由电影来研究政治,将中国电影看成是中国政治的"浮漂",具体体现在其研究材料、方法的选择以及研究聚焦的主题上。魏克兰从社会学和政治学入手,以精神分析以及人类学的研究方法研究中国电影。他巧妙地研究妇女和家庭、侵犯和抵抗这两对主要关系,并透过电影中的家庭关系和女性来探究中国文化的密码,从而了解中国对于"侵犯"的态度,探讨中国电影所折射的政治。其对女性的关注折射出美国在国际关系中所持有的菲勒斯中心主义,对家庭的关注彰显美国期待在文化差异中寻找破解困局的密码,对侵犯的关注暗藏了隔绝对峙期美国对中国的勃勃野心。魏克兰的研究带有鲜明的时代烙印,或明或暗地表达了冷战时期美国的企图。

The US government and its think tanks represented by John H.Weakland used Chinese films as a floating to trace Chinese politics in 1950s and 1960s,as is embodied in his selection of materials,methods and focus of his research.Weakland started to study Chinese films with a psychoanalytic and anthropological approach based on sociology and political science.He took as his subjects two relationships between women and family and between invasion and resistance as were reflected through inner-family relations and women portrayed in Chinese films to explore the Chinese attitudes toward violation and Chinese politics and obtain the codes to Chinese culture.His concern for women reflects the Philistine centralism the United Statesheld in in international relations,his interest in families highlights the United States' expectation of finding passwords to break the dilemma in cultural differences,and his focus on violations implies the ambition of the United States against China during the period of confrontation.Weakland's research bears a distinctive brand of the times,either explicitly or implicitly expressing the attempt of the United States during the Cold War.