重症监护室死亡患者默哀仪式的实施及医护人员体验的研究

Qualitative research on medical staffer′s experience of applying moment of silence in intensive care unit

目的探讨默哀仪式对急诊重症监护室(EICU)医护人员心理状态的影响。方法在EICU为死亡患者举行默哀仪式,包括注视遗体30s,家属与医护人员脱帽、低头、闭眼向遗体默哀1min,最后所有人员向遗体三鞠躬。采用质性研究方法,对参与过默哀仪式的6名医生和11名护士进行深入访谈,并运用Colaizzi分析方法对访谈资料进行分析。结果通过分析整理,提炼出四大主题,分别为患者死亡会给医护人员带来负性情绪体验;默哀仪式能够缓解医护人员负面心理状态;默哀仪式能够对医护工作产生积极影响,但会造成工作负担;默哀仪式更体现人文关怀,应继续开展下去。结论默哀仪式能够缓解医护人员因患者死亡所带来的悲伤,减轻医护人员的同情疲劳和职业倦怠感;默哀仪式能够凸显人文关怀,体现医护人员价值和尊严,但仪式可能会增加工作负担,影响到其他患者,有待于今后采取有效措施减少不良影响。

Objective To investigate the influence of moment of silence ceremony on psychological state of medical staff in intensive care unit.Methods Moments of silence were held in memory of the patients who died in EICU from January to May 2018.During the moment of silence,the participants watched the body for 30 seconds,then they took off their hats,bowed their heads,closed their eyes,mourned the decedent for 1 minute,and finally made three bows to the body.In the qualitative study,researchers conducted in-depth interviews with 6 doctors and 11 nurses who had participated in moments of silence,and the interview data were analyzed using the Colaizzi′s analytical method.Results Four themes were extracted from the interview data: the death of patient would bring negative emotions to medical staff; the moment of silence ceremony can alleviate the negative psychological state of medical staff; moment of silence can have positive impact on health care work,and it also adds a workload; moment of silence embodies humanistic care and should continue to be carried out.Conclusion Moment of silence in ICU can ease sadness which is brought along by the death of patient and reduce compassion fatigue and burnout of medical staff.Moment of silence highlights humanistic care and embody the value and dignity of medical work.Despite an addition to the workload and an impact on the rest of patients,measures should be taken to facilitate the practice.