心血管系统建模仿真的研究进展及医学应用

Research progress and medical application of modeling and simulation of cardiovascular system

背景:近年来,建模仿真技术作为一种有效的测试研究手段在军事演练、工业试验及医疗检测等众多领域得到了越来越多的信赖和应用,其中以医疗心血管系统为例就汇集众多的学科及行业人员加入了该方面研究。目的:通过对相关论文的分析和总结,提供较为全面的心血管系统仿真介绍及方法参考。方法:以"心血管系统,建模仿真,心脏模型"和"cardiovascular system,modeling simulation,the heart model"为检索词进行查找,应用计算机在PubMed数据库、维普科技期刊全文数据库和中国知网-期刊论文库中检索1974年至2018年与心血管建模仿真相关应用的相关文章,对心血管系统建模方法、系统仿真分类种类以及近年来心血管建模仿真在冠心病、心瓣膜病、心力衰竭、高血压病、心肌梗死等心血管疾病中的应用进行了概括性总结,进而对心血管后续研究发展进行了展望和预测分析。结果与结论:(1)根据临床、医学教学及科研需求整理总结包括:冠状动脉循环系统的血流动力学模型,对冠心病情况下的冠状动脉循环系统进行仿真,解决了创伤性破坏及价格昂贵的问题;对冠心病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义;(2)二尖瓣三维仿真模型分析了二尖瓣的应力分布,在几何结构上体现更为精细,可以辅助完善治疗方案,间接降低手术风险;(3)心血管系统着重分析研究较多的电网络模型报道,对心血管系统疾病中的临床分析和诊断具有一定的辅助作用;(4)人体左心室的三维有限元力学模型的建立,对心肌梗死病变情况下电兴奋传播和心肌梗死病变进行仿真,可以指导临床分析验证;(5)通过心血管系统建模仿真全面总结,有助于进一步增进对心血管疾病机制的认识,同时对心血管疾病的预防、辅助诊断和临床治疗也具有重要意义。

BACKGROUND: Modeling and simulation technology has gained more and more attention and gradually is applied in fields of military drills, industrial tests and medical tests. Of them, there are various professionals have emerged in studies on medical cardiovascular system. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the simulation method of cardiovascular system. METHODS: Databases of PubMed, VIP and CNKI were searched for the articles concerning the cardiovascular modeling and simulation published from 1974 to 2018 with the keywords of "cardiovascular system, modeling simulation, the heart model" in English and Chinese, respectively. The modeling methods and simulation types of cardiovascular system, and application of cardiovascular simulation in coronary heart disease, valvular disease, heart failure, hypertension and myocardial infarction were summarized, and then made prospects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the clinical, medical teaching and research needs, the summary includes:(1) The hemodynamic model of coronary circulatory system simulates the coronary circulatory system in the case of coronary heart disease, which solves the problem of invasion and expensive const. Moreover, it is of great significance for the early diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease.(2) The mitral valve three-dimensional simulation model analyzes the stress distribution of the mitral valve. The simulation is more elaborate in the geometric structure, which can improve the treatment scheme and indirectly reduce the risk of surgery.(3) The cardiovascular system focuses on the many electrical network models, which helps further understand the clinical analysis and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.(4) The three-dimensional finite element mechanical model of human left ventricle simulates the electrical excitation and myocardial infarction in myocardial infarction, and can guide the clinical practice.(5) We comprehensively summarize the modeling and simulation of cardiovascular system, which contributes to further understanding the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and is of great significance for the prevention, auxiliary diagnose and clinical treatment of cardiovascular disease.