社区卧床老年人压疮风险及照护者压疮防治认知的研究

Research on pressure ulcers risk in elderly bedridden community residents and caregivers' knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment

目的了解社区卧床老年人的压疮风险及照护者的压疮防治认知水平,为压疮预防和干预提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法对上海市浦东新区198名社区卧床老年人进行压疮风险评估,并对其照护者进行压疮防治认知调查。结果社区卧床老年人中度、高度和极度压疮危险者分别占32. 8%、50. 5%和8. 1%。照护者的压疮防治认知得分中位数为5分。压疮防治知识水平差和一般的照护者占62. 1%,不同年龄、社会关系照护者压疮防护认知水平存在差异(P <0. 05,P <0. 01)。结论社区卧床老年人的压疮风险程度较高,而照护者对压疮防治认知水平较低。应注重加强对高龄、社会服务者压疮照护知识教育,提高其压疮预防知识与技能。

Objective To explore the status of pressure ulcers risk in elderly bedridden community residents and caregivers′ know-ledge of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment,and to provide basis for future prevention and intervention in community settings.Methods A total 198 elderly bedridden community residents were assessed for pressure ulcers risk,and their caregivers were surveyed regarding pressure ulcer prevention and treatment.Results Among all the elderly bedridden patients,32.8% were rated with moderate pressure ulcers risk,50.5% severe,and 8.1% extreme risk.The caregivers had a median score of 5 point in pressure ulcer prevention and treatment; those with poor or moderate knowledge level accounted for 62.1%.Knowledge scores were significantly different among caregivers at different age groups,and varied significantly between family and non-family caregivers(P < 0.05 ,P<0.01).Conclusion Elderly bedridden community residents are at high risk of pressure ulcers,and their caregivers have low knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and treatment.Knowledge education should be strengthened for oldest old residents,and social service workers working as caregivers,in an effort to improve their knowledge and skills of pressure ulcer prevention.